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Lesson · 4 min Gentle

Agreement, Not Majority

In one line Wiredu held that the old Akan way of ruling by consensus can do better than winner-take-all votes.

The Akan are a people of Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire with a rich tradition of proverbs, political institutions and thought about the person. Kwasi Wiredu, a Ghanaian philosopher who taught in Ghana and the United States, drew on that tradition in his work.

He described how traditional Akan councils made decisions. Elders spoke for their lineages and talked until they reached consensus, a position that everyone could accept, even if it was no one’s first choice. The aim was reconciliation, not victory. A decision by bare majority, Wiredu argued, can leave a large minority feeling ruled by others.

He proposed that modern African states could learn from this, with governments formed by agreement rather than by parties. Critics ask whether consensus works in large, divided societies, or lets the powerful press others to agree.

Go deeper

Wiredu is also known for urging African philosophers to examine the concepts they inherited from colonial education, a theme explored in Whose Words Do We Think In?. He pointed out, for example, that in Akan to exist is expressed as to be there, at some place, which makes some Western debates about pure existence hard even to state.

The office move

Illustration: The office move

A team must choose a new office. A vote would split them six to four, and the four would resent the result for months.

Instead they talk until they find a location that no one loves but everyone can accept: near a train line, with a quiet room. It takes an extra meeting. Nobody leaves feeling defeated.

Try this today In your next group decision, ask what everyone can live with before you call a vote.

Question 1 of 2

Traditional Akan councils talked until they reached a position everyone could accept.

What did Wiredu say was the aim?

Question 2 of 2

Wiredu worried about decisions made by bare majority.

What was his concern?

Cite or share this lesson

A plain reference you can paste into notes or an essay:

Quest2Reason. “Agreement, Not Majority.” https://quest2reason.com/learn/lesson/agreement-not-majority. Accessed 13 November 2026.

Sources
  • Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, “Kwasi Wiredu” — Covers his account of consensus in Akan politics, his non-party proposal and conceptual decolonization.
  • Wikipedia, “Kwasi Wiredu” — Overview of his life, teaching and main works.
  • Kwasi Wiredu, “Toward Decolonizing African Philosophy and Religion”, African Studies Quarterly 1.4 (1998) — His point that in Akan to exist is to be there, at some place.