Quest2ReasonClimb the mountain, sharpen your mind.
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Socrates

The Questioner

Socrates

c. 470–399 BCE · Athens · Greek and Roman

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An Athenian who wrote nothing. Known through Plato and Xenophon, he questioned his fellow citizens about justice and virtue, and was executed in 399 BCE.

Key work: Plato’s Apology, his speech at his trial

“The unexamined life is not worth living.”

Plato, Apology 38a, the common rendering of Benjamin Jowett’s “the life which is unexamined is not worth living”

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • A life that is never examined falls short of what it could be.

  • Wisdom starts by admitting what you do not know.

  • A sharp question outranks a borrowed answer.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

Why Socrates StayedThe Examined LifeThe Ship of TheseusSocratic IgnoranceDefine the WordA Reason to BelieveLuck Is Not KnowledgeThe Map Is Not the Territoryand 4 more

Quest with Socrates above to start the climb and open these lessons.