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Abu Hamid al-Ghazali

Theologian of Doubt

Abu Hamid al-Ghazali

1058–1111 · Tus and Baghdad · Islamic world

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A Persian theologian and jurist who, after a crisis of doubt, left his teaching post in Baghdad for the Sufi path, and challenged the philosophers in The Incoherence of the Philosophers.

Key work: The Incoherence of the Philosophers

“The thirst for knowledge was innate in me from an early age; it was like a second nature implanted by God, without any will on my part.”

Deliverance from Error, in The Confessions of Al Ghazzali, trans. Claud Field (1909)

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • We see fire and burning together, not a necessary link between them.

  • Honest doubt can be a road to certainty.

  • Knowledge must be lived, not only learned.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

The Habit of Fire

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