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Søren Kierkegaard

Philosopher of the Single Individual

Søren Kierkegaard

1813–1855 · Copenhagen · European

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A Danish thinker who wrote under many pen names about anxiety, faith and choosing a self, and is often called the father of existentialism.

Key work: Either/Or (1843)

“It is quite true, as philosophy says, that life must be understood backwards; but one forgets the other principle, that it must be lived forwards.”

Journals, 1843 (Papirer IV A 164); the site’s own translation from the Danish

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • We understand life looking back, but must live it looking ahead.

  • Truth becomes real when one person lives it.

  • Anxiety comes with the freedom to choose.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

Existentialism

The Dizziness of FreedomLived TruthThree Ways of Living

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