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John Rawls

Theorist of Justice

John Rawls

1921–2002 · Baltimore and Cambridge, Massachusetts · Americas

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An American philosopher who asked what principles of justice people would choose behind a veil of ignorance, not knowing their place in society.

Key work: A Theory of Justice (1971)

“Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.”

A Theory of Justice (1971), section 1

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • Choose the rules as if you did not know your place.

  • Inequalities must benefit the worst off.

  • Each person has liberties no majority can override.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

The social contract

Justice as FairnessThe Veil of Ignorance

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