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Baruch Spinoza

The Lens Grinder

Baruch Spinoza

1632–1677 · Amsterdam and The Hague · European

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A Dutch philosopher of Portuguese Jewish descent, expelled by his community, who ground lenses for a living and argued that God and nature are one.

Key work: Ethics (1677)

“But all things excellent are as difficult as they are rare.”

Ethics, part 5, last line, trans. R. H. M. Elwes

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • Understanding a passion loosens its hold.

  • God and nature are one substance.

  • Freedom is acting from your own nature.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

Understanding Sets You Free

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