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Zhu Xi

Neo-Confucian Synthesizer

Zhu Xi

1130–1200 · Fujian, China · East Asian

Your quest companion appears in the header, offers one of their ideas on your home page each day, and cheers you on in lessons. You can change companions at any time, and your progress stays the same.

A Song dynasty scholar who joined Confucian ethics to a theory of principle and vital energy. His commentaries on the Four Books became the basis of China’s civil service examinations.

Key work: Commentaries on the Four Books

“Read one view before reading another.”

Classified Sayings of Master Zhu (Zhuzi yulei) 12:211, trans. Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook (1993)

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • One principle shines in all things, like the moon in many rivers.

  • Read slowly, and let the text work on you.

  • Study things closely to extend what you know.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

The Moon in Many RiversRead It SlowlyKnow It and Do It

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