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Han Fei

Theorist of Law and Method

Han Fei

c. 280–233 BCE · Han and Qin, China · East Asian

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A prince of the state of Han who, by the traditional account, studied under Xunzi. He became the leading voice of the school later called Legalism, arguing that rulers should govern by clear published laws, rewards and punishments rather than by hoping for virtue.

Key work: Han Feizi

“To govern the state by law is to praise the right and blame the wrong.”

Han Feizi, chapter 6, “Having Regulations,” trans. W. K. Liao, The Complete Works of Han Fei Tzu (1939)

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • Publish the law so that everyone can know it.

  • Rewards and punishments work better than waiting for virtue.

  • As times change, the way of governing must change too.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Legalism in Chinese Philosophy

On the climb

Legalism

The Published StandardWhen the Rule Fails

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