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Marcus Tullius Cicero

Statesman and Philosopher

Marcus Tullius Cicero

106–43 BCE · Arpinum and Rome · Greek and Roman

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A Roman orator and consul who brought Greek philosophy into Latin, writing on friendship, duty, the gods and the best form of the state.

Key work: On Duties (44 BCE)

“Such friendship enhances prosperity, and relieves adversity of its burden by halving and sharing it.”

On Friendship, section 6, trans. Evelyn S. Shuckburgh

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • True friendship lasts only between good people.

  • What is useful can never truly conflict with what is right.

  • A seller should not hide what a buyer needs to know.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

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The Grain ShipFriends in the Good

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