Quest2ReasonClimb the mountain, sharpen your mind.
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Xunzi

Confucian Realist

Xunzi

c. 310–235 BCE · Zhao, China · East Asian

Your quest companion appears in the header, offers one of their ideas on your home page each day, and cheers you on in lessons. You can change companions at any time, and your progress stays the same.

A Confucian philosopher who argued, against Mencius, that human nature is bad and becomes good only through ritual, learning and effort.

Key work: Xunzi

“Not having learned it is not as good as having learned it; having learned it is not as good as having seen it carried out; having seen it is not as good as understanding it; understanding it is not as good as doing it.”

Xunzi, chapter 8, trans. Homer H. Dubs, The Works of Hsüntze (1928)

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • Goodness is made, as warped wood is straightened.

  • Learning must never stop.

  • Ritual shapes desire into order.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

Straightening the Wood

Quest with Xunzi above to start the climb and open these lessons.