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Nagarjuna

Philosopher of Emptiness

Nagarjuna

c. 150–250 CE · Southern India · South Asian

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A Buddhist monk who founded the Madhyamaka, or Middle Way, school. He argued that nothing has a nature of its own, since everything depends on other things, and called this emptiness.

Key work: Mulamadhyamakakarika (Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way)

“Neither from itself nor from another, nor from both, nor without a cause, does anything whatever, anywhere arise.”

Mulamadhyamakakarika 1.1, trans. Jay L. Garfield, The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way (1995)

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • Nothing exists by its own nature; things depend on other things.

  • Even emptiness is not a thing to cling to.

  • There is an everyday truth and an ultimate one, and both matter.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

Madhyamaka

Empty of Its Own NatureThe Two TruthsBetween Always and NeverNeither This Nor That

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