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Michel de Montaigne

Inventor of the Essay

Michel de Montaigne

1533–1592 · Bordeaux · European

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A French magistrate who retired to the tower of his château and wrote the Essays, trying out his judgment on everything from cannibals to his own habits.

Key work: Essays (1580–1595)

“What do I know?”

His motto, “Que sais-je?”, from Essays 2.12, trans. Charles Cotton

Key ideas, in brief (in our words)

  • Study yourself; it is the subject you know best.

  • Custom makes the strange seem natural.

  • Doubt keeps judgment honest.

Read more: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On the climb

What Do I Know?

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